反身代词
反身代词又称自身代词,顾名思义,就是指动作反射到动作执行者本身,或是在句中起强调作用,以加强句子的语气。
反身代词的构成
反身代词是由形容词性物主代词或宾格代词加-self或-selves构成。
反身代词单数以-self结尾,复数以-selves结尾;第一、二人称是形容词性物主代词加self(selves)构成,第三人称是宾格代词加self(selves)构成。详见下表:
单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 itself
himself themselves
herself
反身代词的用法
当一个句子的主语、宾语是同一个人时,常用反身代词作宾语。
1.作动词的宾语。如:
–Did you enjoy yourself in the park on Sunday?
– Yes,we did.
–Could he buy himself lots of presents?
–No,he is very poor. But his friends often give him presents.
注:反身代词作动词宾语时,常见的动词有:enjoy,help,hurt,know,wash,look after,teach等。
2.作介词的宾语。如:
–I finished the work by myself.
– You're great!
3.其他用法:
反身代词还可以作宾语的同位语。
I'll speak to the teacher himself. I don't want someone else know it.
也可作表语用。如:
She is not herself today. She has to stay at home. She can't go to school.
注意事项:
反身代词一般无所有格,也不能放在of短语(表示所属)后,“某人自己的”可用one's own表达。如:
–I'd like to have a car of my own.
–So you must work hard to earn much money.
反身代词本身通常不能作主语,但可以放在并列主语后作第二主语。如:
My brother and myself both like English very much. We often talk to each other in English after class.
反身代词与其所强调反身的成份在人称、数等方面要保持一致。如:
We met Li Ming himself on the playground. We told him the good news.
He bought himself a coat with his first wage. Then he sent the rest to his mother.
并列句
由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫做并列句。并列句中的各个简单句意义同等重要,联系密切。它们平行并列,相互之间没有从属关系。并列句的基本句型是:简单句+并列连词+简单句。不同的并列连词表示不同的关系。
(1)联合关系:常用的连词有and.如:
Beethoven knocked at the door and it opened. In the dim candle light a girl was sitting before a piano.
(2)转折关系:常用的连词有but.如:
I can buy myself lots of nice things but I don' t have many friends.我可以买到许多漂亮的东西但是我没有许多的朋友。
在完成并列句的时候,容易在两个基本的简单句的时态把握上产生错误,读者一定要分清楚它们各自所处的时间背景。在例句1中,贝多芬敲门是一个典型的过去时间发生的事情,紧随其后的门开了也应该是同一时间的事件;因此,并列句往往存在两个简单句之间的时态呼应问题。