实例分析（一）：

　　Americans are proud of their variety and individuality， yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform， whether it is the uniform of a lift operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States？

　　Among the arguments for uniforms， one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect higher quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform is likely to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse， a policeman， a hairdresser， or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform？

　　Uniforms also have many practical good points. They often more comfortable and more lasting than civilian clothes.

　　Primary among the argument against uniforms is their lack of variety and the loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms， the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it， without change， until retirement. When people look alike， they are likely to think， speak， and act similarly on the job at least.

　　Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting， often their initial expense is greater than the cost of a civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain， requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

　　It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

　　A. People generally trust a person in uniform

　　B. People enjoy wearing comfortable uniform

　　C. the cost of the uniform is accepted to people

　　D. people wear uniforms to show their professions

　　本文是议论文。话题：“制服”。

　　第一段：提出问题——美国人为什么对制服表现出如此地热衷和敬意。

　　第二、三段：陈述正面观点——人们认为穿制服更能体现出职业。这里面的职业是指具有专业技能。因此，人们对穿制服的工作人员就更加信任。如文中所描述的：People have become conditioned to expect higher quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform is likely to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform.

　　第四、五段：提出反面意见——制服样式单调、不能体现个性、造价和清洗都比普通服装贵。

　　答案：A. 根据文章的第二段内容，人们对穿制服的人非常信任因为他们具有良好的专业技术。（参照上面的分析）。其他选项：B. 人们喜欢穿舒适的制服。文中虽提到了舒适是制服的优点之一。但这只是一个枝节，不是文章的主流。C. 制服的成本为人们所接受。文中提到的恰好是反面观点，人们认为它造价昂贵。D. 人们穿制服来表现出他们的职业。这个选项过于趋于表面，没有深度。

　　实例分析（二）：

　　Some people are nerve right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong things and say the wrong things. And even if what they say or do is O.K.， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.

　　Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses and the airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses and the airplanes.

　　Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn‘t ask questions； he answers questions. He never say “I don’t know”。

　　I don‘t know Mrs. Neff. It seems that not many people know her. I sometimes wonder about her. Is she always right？ Or maybe she is always wrong？ Does she often break dishes of miss buses？

　　Does she have problems？ I wonder.

　　1. Which of the following do you think gives the most important trait （特征）of Mr. Neff‘s character？

　　A. He is a very wise man.

　　B. He plans everything well.

　　C. He is moral and kink-hearted.

　　D. He is satisfied with himself.

　　2. The writer really thinks that _______.

　　A. Mr. Neff is always right.

　　B. Mr. Neff usually has good luck.

　　C. Mr. Neff almost knows everything.

　　D. It is the fault of the buses and the airplanes when Mr. Neff misses them.

　　3. Which of the following do you guess is true of Mrs. Neff？

　　A. She probably obeys her husband in everything.

　　B. She probably feels proud to a help to her husband.

　　C. She probably quarrels with her husband all the time.

　　D. She probably feels very happy to have such a successful husband.

　　4. Which of the following best describes the writer‘s attitude towards Mr. Neff？

　　A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand

　　B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful.

　　C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.

　　D. He doesn‘t like Mr. Neff.

　　本篇文章没有生词，但选项并不好选。主要解决方法：要弄清作者的观点、态度。要通过文中的给我们的关键词、句以及作者的语气，领会其话外之音。只有这样才能把握文章的层次和作者的意图。把握作者的语气是掌握其意图的关键。

　　在文章中作者运用了较多的“never， always， usually”字眼。如：“Some people are nerve right. They never have good luck. ”“He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. ”“He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses and the airplanes. ”“Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He never say ”I don‘t know“。 话说的太绝对则就意味着”非也“。而下面的”Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses and the airplanes. “则把作者的嘲笑，讽刺不以然的态度展现出来。通篇看来作者运用了绝对化的副词，前后矛盾的手法使讽刺之意贯穿全文。作者在讽刺什么呢？当然是那些自以为是的”懦夫“们。这样答案就明朗化了。

　　答案：

　　1. D从第二、三段可以看出；他是一个自以为是的人。

　　2. B从作者的语气可以看出他的态度。

　　3. AMr. Neff 是如此的“正确”而他的妻子却默默无闻“It seems that not many people know her. ”因此可以判断妻子是顺从的。

　　4. D全篇已把作者的态度非常明朗化了。