主谓一致关系应遵循三项原则,即:语言意义上一致、语法形式上一致和就近原则。
语言意义上一致:当主语在形式上是单数,意义上是复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式;当主语在形式上是复数而意义上是单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
一。 集体名词,如:family,team,class等作主语时,如果作为一个单位(整体)看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作为整体中的各个成员看待时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
My family is a small one, but my family all like watching football matches.
(前者指“家庭”,后者指“家人”)
二。 表示总称意义的名词,如people,police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Of all things, people are the most important.
三。 “百分数词/分数词 + of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但“百分数词 / 分数词 + of + 不可数名词/单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
2/3 of the workers are from Japan.
40 percent of my homework has been finished.
四。 表示“金钱、时间、距离、重量”等名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
100 years is not long.
五。 all作主语,如果指代人或可数名词含有复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指代抽象性事物时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
All are here. 大家都在这儿。
All is going on well. 一切进展顺利。
六。 “none of + 不可数名词”作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式,“none + of 复数代词/ 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如:
None of the food was wasted.
None of us knows / know how to work out the problem.
七。 Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep等单、复数同形的名词作主语时,它们自身在句中的意义决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。如:
Chinese is one of the eight subjects we must study at school.(Chinese指语言)
These five Chinese are studying English in London.(Chinese指中国人)
语法形式上一致:是指谓语动词与主语的人称和数保持一致。
一、each,another,the other,either,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody,anyone,anybody,something,anything,nothing,no one等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:
Someone is asking for you.
二、“each/ every + 单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Each student has an English-Chinese dictionary.
三、非谓语动词(短语)、名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
To learn English well is not easy.
When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown.
四、“one and a half + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
One and a half years has passed.
五、and连接的两个单数名词,前面如有each,every,any,no等修饰时,谓语用单数形式。如:
No teacher and no student is reading.
六。 both,all,few,several,many等修饰可数名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
All his friends have come.
就近原则:是指谓语的单复数形式应跟最靠近谓语动词的那个主语的单复数形式相一致。
一、“there be句型”中。如:
There is a boy and three girls in that room.
There are four deer and one bear in that zoo.
二、由“or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…”;连接两个并列主语。如:
Either you or I am going there.